By Desis, for Desis and Everyone Else!!
What’s a Desi?
The term “desi” is a term that is commonly used by people from the Indian subcontinent to refer to themselves or other people (origin or ancestry) from the region.
The word “Desi” is derived from the Sanskrit word “desh,” which means “country” or “region” or “homeland”. (‘Sanskrit’ word ‘Desh’? What is Sanskrit?)
Did you ever wonder:
What is Indian culture like? Learn more!
Interesting facts about India you didn’t know about!
Explore Indian customs.
Traveling to India? You are in for a treat – Explore here!
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Desi people can come from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives. The term can also be used to describe aspects of Indian origin culture, including food, clothing, music, and art.
Epics, Vedas and more
What is an Epic?
An epic is a long narrative poem that typically tells the story of heroic deeds and adventures. Epics usually involve a protagonist who is a legendary or mythological figure and who undertakes a quest or journey of great significance. The style and structure of epics vary across cultures and time periods, but they often include themes such as bravery, honor, love, and the struggle between good and evil.
Epics can be found in many different cultures, including ancient Greek, Roman, Indian, and Norse cultures. Some of the most famous examples of epic poetry include Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Mahabharata and Ramayana of India, and the epic poems of Beowulf and Gilgamesh. In addition to poetry, the term “epic” is sometimes used to describe other types of works, such as films, novels, and video games, that share similar themes and storytelling techniques.
How long are these epics?
In terms of length, complexity, and number of characters, the Mahabharata is one of the longest and most complex epic poems in the world. It consists of over 100,000 verses and tells the story of a great war between two branches of a royal family in ancient India. The Mahabharata includes a vast cast of characters, each with their own complex motivations and relationships, as well as philosophical and moral discussions about the nature of existence, duty, and righteousness.
The Ramayana is another ancient Indian epic poem, similar to the Mahabharata in terms of its cultural significance and literary complexity. It tells the story of the prince Rama, who sets out to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. The Ramayana is also a lengthy work, consisting of over 24,000 verses.
While the Ramayana is not as long as the Mahabharata, it is still a complex and nuanced work that explores themes such as loyalty, love, and duty.
The Iliad and Odyssey, both attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, are also long and complex epic poems. The Iliad tells the story of the Trojan War, while the Odyssey follows the journey of the Greek hero Odysseus as he tries to return home after the war. Both poems feature a large cast of characters and explore themes such as heroism, honor, and the relationships between mortals and gods.
The Epic of Gilgamesh, an ancient Mesopotamian epic, is another long and complex work that features a variety of characters and themes. It tells the story of the eponymous king and his search for immortality, and includes themes such as friendship, mortality, and the relationship between humans and the divine.
How complex are the Indian epics?
There are many supporting stories, subplots, and smaller epics within the Mahabharata and Ramayana that focus on individual characters and their stories in more detail.
For example, within the Mahabharata, there are many subplots and stories that focus on individual characters such as Bhishma, Karna, Draupadi, and Arjuna. These stories explore their backgrounds, motivations, and relationships, and provide greater depth and complexity to the overall narrative of the Mahabharata.
The Mahabharata: Complete and Unabridged (Set of 10 Volumes with Box)
Mahabharata by Amar Chitra Katha- The Birth of Bhagavad Gita- 42 Comic Books in 3 Volumes
Similarly, within the Ramayana, there are many supporting stories and subplots that focus on characters such as Hanuman, Ravana, and Sita. These stories provide greater detail and nuance to the characters and their motivations, and add to the overall richness and complexity of the Ramayana.
Read the Ramayana – see several options
Valmiki’s Ramayana: The Great Indian Epic (Amar Chitra Katha) – Illustrated Comics
Where are these sub plots and stories told?
The stories and characters of the Ramayana and Mahabharata are primarily found in the Puranas and other related texts.
What are Puranas?
The Puranas, which are a collection of ancient Indian texts, and contain many stories and characters from the epics. They are divided into different categories, such as the Mahapuranas and Upapuranas, and include stories about various deities, heroes, and historical figures, as well as philosophical and moral teachings.
Bhagavata Purana
Also known as Srimad Bhagavatam, it is considered one of the most important Puranas by many Indians. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and includes stories of his various incarnations, including Lord Krishna. It also includes philosophical discussions and teachings on dharma (duty), karma (consequences of actions), and bhakti (devotion to the divine).
Vishnu Purana
This Purana is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and includes stories of his various avatars, as well as descriptions of creation and cosmology. It also includes discussions of dharma, karma, and other spiritual topics.
Shiva Purana
This Purana is dedicated to Lord Shiva and includes stories of his various forms and manifestations. It also includes discussions of creation, cosmology, and various spiritual practices associated with Shiva worship.
Markandeya Purana
This Purana is named after the sage Markandeya and includes stories and teachings related to Lord Vishnu and his various avatars. It also includes discussions of karma, dharma, and various spiritual practices.
Agni Purana
This Purana is dedicated to the god Agni and includes stories related to him, as well as discussions of various spiritual practices and rituals. It also includes descriptions of astronomy, astrology, and other topics.
Padma Purana
This Purana is named after the lotus flower that is associated with Lord Vishnu. It includes stories related to Lord Vishnu and his various avatars, as well as discussions of various spiritual practices and topics.
These are just a few examples of the many Puranas that exist. Each Purana typically focuses on a particular deity or set of deities and includes stories, teachings, and discussions related to that deity or set of deities.
What are the Vedas?
The Vedas are a collection of four sacred texts that are considered the oldest and most authoritative scriptures of Hinduism.
They were composed in Vedic Sanskrit, an ancient form of the language, between 1500 BCE and 500 BCE. The four Vedas are:
Rigveda
The oldest and most important of the four Vedas, consisting of hymns and prayers addressed to various deities.
Yajurveda
A collection of ritual texts and instructions for performing Vedic ceremonies and sacrifices.
Samaveda
A collection of melodies and chants used in Vedic rituals.
Atharvaveda
A collection of incantations, and prayers used for a variety of purposes, including healing, protection, and success in battle.
The above are ultra simplified descriptions of the actual content which is very nuanced and voluble.
There are also many other texts associated with the Vedas, such as the Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads, which provide further commentary and interpretation on the Vedas.
What are the Upanishads?
The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical and spiritual texts that explore the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate goal of human existence (yes, they were asking these questions a very very long time ago and had quite a bit to discuss about what they thought about these).
There are over 200 Upanishads, but the most important ones are the Principal Upanishads, which include the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the Chandogya Upanishad, and the Taittiriya Upanishad.
The Upanishads are considered to be the end portion of the Vedas, and were composed between 800 BCE and 500 BCE. They are written in prose and contain dialogues between teachers and students, as well as stories and parables that illustrate philosophical concepts in an easy to understand format.
Here are some of the most well-known Upanishads, along with brief descriptions:
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
This is one of the oldest and largest, and is often considered one of the most important. It includes discussions of the nature of Brahman, the supreme reality, and the relationship between the individual soul (atma) and the universal soul (paramatma). (The word soul in English is loosely used here – there are several words in Sanskrit and quite frankly in many languages around the world, which are technically non-translatable – as some concepts and words are harder to get across)
Chandogya Upanishad
This includes discussions of various spiritual practices, including meditation, sacrifice, and the proper recitation of mantras. It also includes discussions of the nature of the self and the relationship between the self and the universe.
Taittiriya Upanishad
This includes discussions of the nature of the self and the universe, as well as various spiritual practices such as meditation, sacrifice, and the recitation of mantras.
Katha Upanishad
This includes the famous story of Nachiketa, a young boy who meets with Yama, the lord of death, and learns about the nature of the self and the universe.
Isha Upanishad
This includes discussions of the nature of Brahman and the relationship between the individual soul and the universal soul. It also includes discussions of various spiritual practices and the concept of karma.
Mundaka Upanishad
This includes discussions of the nature of Brahman and the relationship between the individual soul and the universal soul. It also includes discussions of various spiritual practices and the concept of liberation.
These are just a few examples of the many that exist. Each typically includes discussions of various spiritual practices, as well as philosophical and metaphysical discussions related to the nature of the self and the universe.
What is Itihasa?
In Indian tradition, Itihasa refers to the genre of historical narrative. The two great epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, are traditionally considered Itihasa, which means “thus indeed it happened” or “so it was”.
Well, it depends on a lot of things!
This is because they are believed to be based on actual historical events, although some parts of the stories are often hard to come to terms with, since they talk of things which in the modern day, some modern scholars find hard to believe could ever be real a long time ago – so must be tall tales…
For example: there is mention of people traveling around on earth and between different worlds – in vimanas (literally flying craft – or airborne vehicles), beings (or a distinctly different kind of people) visiting from different worlds, people traveling between different dimensions (existing in the same place), the passage of time differently when traveling in space and so many things which were only possible or even theorized as potentially possible in modern day in the past few decades.
Additionally, there is mention of usage of some weaponry which sounds very strange and yet very familiar:
In both Mahabharata and Ramayana, there is a description of a weapon called the Brahmastra, which is said to have the power to destroy entire armies and cities or calibrated to destroy whole worlds (kind of like the death star’s (from Star Wars) lasers in an arrow). The descriptions of the Brahmastra in the Mahabharata suggest the after-effects of the weapon resemble radiation sickness.
According to the text, the weapon caused a “great destruction of the earth” and left behind a “terrible aftermath.” The text describes how the land became barren and how the water turned to poison, killing all living creatures. It also describes how the survivors of the weapon suffered from a range of symptoms, including hair loss, skin lesions, and birth defects in their children.
Some scholars have suggested that this weapon was similar to a nuclear weapon or a missile, but others argue that it was a more mythical and symbolic weapon.
The use of the term Itihasa for the Ramayana and the Mahabharata reflects the belief that they are not just mythological stories, but rather accounts of real historical events that have been passed down through generations. The cities mentioned do exist. Some as ruins, some as living cities and some submerged deep in the ocean, flooded some 9-10 thousand years ago (estimated).
These epics are also regarded as sacred texts not just in India but also in a lot of countries around South East Asia, and are studied for their moral, ethical, and philosophical teachings.
The term Itihasa is often used in contrast to the term Purana, which refers to a different genre of Hindu literature that focuses on mythology, cosmology, and other aspects of India tradition. While the Puranas also contain stories of gods and goddesses, they are not considered historical narratives in the same way that the Ramayana and the Mahabharata are.
At the end of the day, one can read and wonder. And a wonderful collection of stories, philosophies and different texts they all are. All of those who read them and ponder and wonder can definitely walk away with a different approach to life, values, adherence to truth, duty, loyalty, existential philosophy and spirituality.
Jodhpur
Jodhpur, is also known as Rajasthan’s ‘Blue City’. It’s a city with a rich heritage with magnificent forts like Mehrangarh and palaces like Umaid Bhawan. From the bustling markets to serene gardens, Jodhpur offers a harmonious blend of history, culture, and architectural marvels.
Jodhpur is often referred to as the “Blue City” due to the distinctive blue-painted houses that can be seen throughout the old part of the city. The origin of this tradition is believed to have historical and cultural significance. The blue color was believed to deter insects and keep the houses cool in the scorching desert heat. Over time, the tradition continued, and now the blue hues create a unique and visually striking ambiance, earning Jodhpur its famous nickname, the Blue City.
The majestic Mehrangarh Fort:
This imposing stronghold offers panoramic views of the city and boasts splendid palaces and courtyards. The fort has a rich history and and now houses a museum, a treasure trove of cultural artifacts.
Built in the 15th century by Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur, the Mehrangarh Fort served as a formidable bastion atop a hill, protecting the city. Over the centuries, it withstood numerous battles and witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties.
The fort houses palaces like the Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace), Phool Mahal (Flower Palace), and Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace), showcasing intricate architecture and exquisite craftsmanship. It also contains a museum that exhibits an impressive collection of artifacts, including weapons, textiles, and artwork, providing a glimpse into the regal history of Jodhpur.
Today, the Mehrangarh Fort stands as a proud testament to the valor and grandeur of the Rathore dynasty. Its towering walls, stunning palaces, and commanding views of Jodhpur make it a must-visit destination, offering visitors a chance to step back in time and immerse themselves in the captivating history of Rajasthan.
Just a stone’s throw away lies the serene Jaswant Thada. Built in pure white marble, this cenotaph is a peaceful spot where visitors can pay homage to the revered Maharaja Jaswant Singh II. Marvel at the intricate carvings and find solace in the surrounding gardens.
Prepare to be dazzled by the Umaid Bhawan Palace, a magnificent architectural marvel. Now converted into a luxury hotel, it offers glimpses into the opulent lives of the erstwhile royals. It has a fascinating museum and visitors can take a leisurely stroll through its well-manicured gardens.
The vibrant local atmosphere can be experienced at the Clock Tower and Sardar Market. The bustling bazaar offers a lot of goods from textiles to spices, to souvenirs and local delicacies.
Check out more places in Rajasthan
The British Raj
Summary
Did you know that British colonial rule in India, which lasted over two centuries, left behind far more than political change? During this time, the British extracted massive wealth from India, leaving behind scars that shaped the nation’s economy and society. From famines to the deindustrialization of India, the consequences of the British Raj are still felt today, influencing inequality and underdevelopment in modern India. This story is one of exploitation, oppression, and an enduring legacy that continues to shape the country’s path.
From Abundance to Abject Poverty
In the 1700s, India was an economic powerhouse, holding 27% of the world’s economy—more than all of Europe combined! But after 250 years of British dominance, India’s share plummeted to less than 3%. This devastating fall tells a grim tale of colonial exploitation.
“In 1700, India’s share of the world economy was 27%, more than all of Europe combined—by the end of British rule, it had fallen to just 3%”
Historical Records
Impact of British Rule
Before British rule, India was a hub of trade and commerce, with flourishing industries like agriculture, textiles, and manufacturing. But after the death of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, the British seized control, exploiting India for its resources. By the time India gained independence in 1947, the country’s once-thriving industries had collapsed, its economy crippled, and its people divided.
Ancient Indian Industries
India was a far greater industrial and manufacturing nation than any in Europe or Asia. Its textile goods, exquisite jewelry, precious stones, pottery, porcelains, fine metalwork were renowned worldwide.From the writings of JT Sunderland
Textile Industry
India was once a textile superpower, holding a 25–30% share of the global textile trade. But under British rule, India’s vibrant textile industry was crushed by monopolies and disrupted trade links.
Shipbuilding Industry
Indian vessels were known for their elegance, utility, and durability, outlasting English ships by far.
Historical Records
India’s shipbuilding industry was another victim of British exploitation. Indian vessels, known for their durability and elegance, outlasted British ships by decades. But the British East India Company’s dominance led to the downfall of the Bengali merchant fleet, robbing India of a vital source of revenue.
Bengali ships were much more durable than English ships. Bengali ships had an average lifespan of over 20 years, while English ships were not known to last more than 12.
Merchant contracts from that time period
Steel Industry
Indian made Steel was popularized as Damascus steel which came from the Indian Steel Industry which was the first in the world to provide steel to the world from before the 6th century CE
Historical records
India pioneered the production of crucible steel, also known as Damascus steel, as early as the 6th century CE. This industry, too, was crippled under British rule, leading to a loss of global reputation.
Exploitation by Taxation
Beyond industries, the British imposed harsh taxes on Indian farmers, often forcing them into debt and starvation. This system of exploitation created millions of landless farmers and fueled cycles of poverty.
The Impact of the British Raj
By the late 19th century, India had become Britain’s largest source of revenue. Indian taxes funded British soldiers and civil servants, but the cost to India was catastrophic.
“India is to be bled of money; the Lancet should be directed to those parts where the blood is congested”
Marquess of Salisbury, UK Prime Minister
It’s estimated that the British extracted a jaw-dropping $43 trillion from India during their rule. The construction of railways, often hailed as a British “gift” to India, was primarily for British economic interests, with each mile costing Indians exorbitantly more than what similar infrastructure cost in the U.S.
The total amount of wealth extracted from India by the British amounts to a jaw-dropping $43 trillion.
Modern economists estimation
Railways of India
Every mile of Indian rail cost an inflated £18,000 to construct, compared to only £2,000 for the same distance in the United States.
Historical Records
The British-built railways were used to exploit India’s resources, transporting agricultural goods out of the country—even during famines, which resulted in the deaths of 35 million people.
The Legacy of British Colonialism
“Under British rule, an estimated 35 million preventable deaths occurred due to famines”
Contemporary Records
The story of India’s decline under British rule is a harsh reminder of the destruction wrought by colonialism. Fortunately, since gaining independence, India hasn’t experienced a large-scale famine, and the country is on a path of self-reliance and recovery. While the economic scars run deep, the resilience of India continues to shine.
Conclusion
The story of India’s journey from abundance to abject poverty under British rule stands as a poignant reminder of the price paid for colonialism’s pursuit of wealth and power.
The term Desi can refer to people of Indian subcontinent origin or ancestry, or it can refer to the cultural practices and products of the region.
Desi food, will include dishes such as biryani, Pongal, samosas, Dosa, Idli, Parantha, Chawal and dal, while Desi fashion may feature traditional clothing styles like sarees, salwar kameez, Dhoti, and kurta pajama.
Desi music may include traditional folk music (dozens of styles), classical music (also several distinct schools), traditional dance (several traditional and ancient styles) and popular movie or music genres like Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood (all different regional language film industry names – a play on the word Hollywood).
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