By Desis, for Desis and Everyone Else!!
What’s a Desi?
The term “desi” is a term that is commonly used by people from the Indian subcontinent to refer to themselves or other people (origin or ancestry) from the region.
The word “Desi” is derived from the Sanskrit word “desh,” which means “country” or “region” or “homeland”. (‘Sanskrit’ word ‘Desh’? What is Sanskrit?)
Did you ever wonder:
What is Indian culture like? Learn more!
Interesting facts about India you didn’t know about!
Explore Indian customs.
Traveling to India? You are in for a treat – Explore here!
Here are a few articles from this site – use the menu at the very top of this page to discover many more…
Desi people can come from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives. The term can also be used to describe aspects of Indian origin culture, including food, clothing, music, and art.
Diabetes & Desis
The Historical Link Between British Colonialism and Diabetes in Indians
Did you know that India’s diabetes problem has roots deeper than just diet or genetics? There’s an unexpected historical culprit lurking behind this health crisis: British colonialism. Yes, British rule over the Indian subcontinent didn’t just reshape its politics and economy—it also left a lasting impact on the health of generations of Indians. Let’s explore how the shadow of colonialism, through famines and epigenetic changes, continues to affect the health of Indians today.
A Shocking Surge in Major Famines under the British
During British colonial rule, India faced an unprecedented rise in famines. While droughts were always a risk, British policies turned them into disasters. Between 1858 and 1947, the period known as the British Raj, millions of lives were lost to starvation. The colonizers were more concerned with exporting resources than feeding the local population.
Take the Great Famine of 1876-1878 as an example—it ravaged southern India, claiming an estimated 5 to 11 million lives. Another horrifying example is the Bengal Famine of 1943, during which over 3 million people perished due to severe malnutrition. And here’s the kicker: it wasn’t just natural droughts causing this. British policies played a huge role(The Daily Star)(YouTube).
British Policies and the Famine Tragedies
One of the most shocking aspects is that British policies during World War II made things worse. When India pleaded for emergency food supplies, Winston Churchill’s government diverted essential resources to fuel the war effort, leaving millions to starve. Imagine this: while India was facing famine, rice continued to be exported from the country!
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule – Wikipedia
In fact, a study published in Global and Planetary Change shows that before British rule, there were 0.84 famines per century, but during the British Raj, that number skyrocketed to 2.83 famines per century—a 236% increase (The Daily Star).
Epigenetics and Starvation Adaptation
Now, this is where things get even more interesting. Epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors, like famine, affect gene expression. Essentially, the trauma of these famines left an imprint on Indian DNA. The result? Indian bodies adapted to conserve energy in times of scarcity, which made them more efficient at storing fat. While this was a survival mechanism back then, it now makes Indians more susceptible to modern diseases like type 2 diabetes (Sputnik India).
Surviving even just one famine has a multi-generational effect. Studies show that individuals who lived through famines passed on genetic traits that increased the risk of diabetes in their descendants (Sputnik India).
Survival Adaptations and Diabetes Risk
So, how does this work? When the body is adapted to survive on minimal food, it holds onto energy—think of it as your body going into “survival mode.” But in today’s world of food abundance, this adaptation can be harmful. Indians, who are genetically wired to store energy efficiently, now struggle with high blood sugar levels, leading to a higher risk of diabetes. It’s like the body is still preparing for the next famine that never comes (The Daily Star)(Sputnik India).
The Modern Challenge
Fast forward to today, and we see a strange mismatch. While food scarcity is no longer a widespread issue, the genetic adaptation to starvation still exists in Indian populations. And with two-thirds of packaged foods containing added sugar, it’s no wonder that diabetes rates are soaring. Indians are now facing a double-edged sword: genetic predisposition combined with modern dietary habits that work against them (Sputnik India).
Lifestyle Choices & Decolonizing Health Research
Now, while we can’t change our genetic makeup, there are steps Indians can take to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. One promising solution is to revisit traditional health practices like Ayurveda, yoga, and holistic diets. These time-tested methods emphasize balance and can help manage health risks.
It’s also crucial to decolonize health research. The unique health needs of diverse ethnicities like South Asians need to be acknowledged in modern medicine. The rise in diabetes calls for culturally sensitive approaches to health advice, especially in light of rising insulin costs (Sputnik India).
Lasting Genetic Legacy of Famines
The legacy of British colonialism in India goes beyond politics—it’s embedded in the very DNA of the population. The famines caused by colonial policies have left a genetic footprint that increases the risk of diabetes in Indians today. But with the right understanding of history, epigenetics, and a return to balanced, traditional lifestyles, Indians can work toward reducing this burden.
It’s a journey deeply rooted in the past, but with hope for a healthier future.
FAQs
1. How did British colonialism contribute to diabetes in India?
- British policies led to severe famines, which caused genetic adaptations that make Indians more prone to diabetes today.
2. What is the epigenetic link between famines and diabetes?
- The experience of starvation during famines altered gene expression in survivors, making them and their descendants more efficient at storing fat, which increases diabetes risk.
3. How many people died in the Bengal Famine of 1943?
- Over 3 million people died due to malnutrition during the Bengal Famine, exacerbated by British wartime policies.
4. Can traditional Indian health practices help manage diabetes?
- Yes, practices like Ayurveda and yoga promote balance and can help manage the risk of type 2 diabetes by focusing on holistic health.
5. Why are South Asians more prone to diabetes?
- Genetic factors stemming from historical famines, coupled with modern diets high in sugar, contribute to the higher rates of diabetes among South Asians.
6. What can be done to reduce the risk of diabetes in Indians?
- Embracing a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and revisiting traditional health practices can help mitigate the risk.
Sources:
How British colonialism increased diabetes in south Asians
How History Still Weighs Heavy On South Asian Bodies Today
Davis, Mike. “Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World.” Verso, 2001. In his book – Davis argues that the El Niño famines that occurred in India, China, and Brazil in the late 19th century were not simply natural disasters, but were also caused by British imperialism and capitalist globalization. He shows how British colonial policies, such as land taxes and the export of food, made it difficult for people to cope with the famines.
Basu, S. (2016). ‘Bengal Tiger and British Lion: An Account of the Bengal Famine of 1943.’ The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(2), 413-441.
Ramachandran, A., et al. (2010). ‘Increased incidence of gestational diabetes with increasing age in the Chennai Urban Population: Results of a 13 year study.’ Diabetologia, 53(9), 1907-1914.
What’s Curry?
What is Curry?
A common question that many from India and that part of the world, (and several other regions associated with Indian culture – like parts of Asia and elsewhere) will surely be asked – Do you eat curry? Is curry a single dish?
Curry at the top: Photo by Sanket Shah on Unsplash
Is curry a single dish?
Generally – the idea seems to be that it’s a dish and can have some slight variations – like pizza – with different toppings (probably not too good of an example – but just to give an idea).
It can be a very different based on where that curry is from, how and what is cooked and who is cooking it…
History of the word curry
First, we need to understand where the origin of the current usage of the word curry came from – at least into the English language.
Quick Video about Curry
Below is just one take on it. Feel free to share your thoughts below.
That’s alright, but what is CURRY POWDER?
There are a lot of spices mentioned in the video too, right?
What are these key spices used in different curries and where did these come from?
More about Curry
Learn more here https://www.britannica.com/topic/curry
Curry is a staple dish in many countries around the world, but where did this beloved cuisine originate? The answer may surprise you.
Though curry has become widely popular across India and Asia, it actually originated in South India over 4,000 years ago!
These dishes from time immemorial were made using local spices including turmeric and pepper to create a flavorful blend that could be used with rice or millets or indian flat breads.
Curry can be made with a variety of meats, including chicken, goat, lamb, pork, shrimp, and fish. Vegetarian and vegan curries are also popular.
The heat level can vary widely, from mild to extremely spicy, depending on the type and amount of chili peppers or traditionally in the south – black pepper (which originated in India was the only spice use to give that heat before chili peppers) used in the recipe.
A Spicy Business!
Curry leaves are an essential ingredient in many Indian and Sri Lankan curries, and coconut milk is a common ingredient in Thai curries, while yogurt or cream is often used in Indian curries to create a creamy texture.
As time went on, these spices were brought to other parts of the world by traders who had visited South Indian ports.
The word “curry” actually comes from the Tamil word “kari” meaning sauce. It was the British who popularized the word to describe all the spice-based dishes they encountered in India.
Top 10 things to know about ‘curry’
1. Debunking the Curry Myth: Curry isn’t a single dish, but a term for a dazzling array of spiced stews from India, Thailand, and beyond. The word “curry” itself comes from the Tamil word “kari” meaning “sauce” (interesting “origin & etymology,” right?).
2. Spice Up Your Life: Forget the pre-made stuff! In India, fresh spices are blended for each dish, creating unique flavor profiles there are key spices used in different curries! This is in contrast to the “Western-style curries” that often rely on pre-made “curry powder” (a Western invention!).
3. Mild or Wild? You Decide: Curry heat levels are all over the map! From gentle to fiery, it depends on the type and amount of chili peppers used so a lot of differences between Thai, or Japanese (tend to be milder) and Indian curries.
4. Curry Leaves: A Fragrant Friend: Curry leaves, native to India and Sri Lanka, add a unique depth of flavor to many curries there .
5. Protein Powerhouse: Curry can be a protein party! Chicken, goat, lamb, or seafood are all common choices. Vegetarian and vegan options abound too!
6. Creamy or Coconut-ty? The Choice is Yours: Coconut milk is a staple in Thai curries, while most Indian curries often use yogurt or cream or peanut, sesame or cashew nut for a richer texture . They do use coconut milk extensively in some south Indian states.
7. Japanese Comfort Curry: Across the sea, Japan has embraced curry as a beloved comfort food, typically served with rice or noodles. Japanese curry is often thicker and sweeter than its Indian or Thai counterparts.
8. Global Fusion Fun: Did you know some curries are culinary mashups? The British dish “chicken tikka masala” is a delightful example of “hybrid dishes” combining elements from different cuisines.
9. Curry: A Spicy Superfood?: The spices in curry may offer health benefits! Turmeric, a common ingredient, contains curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This powerful compound has been a mainstay of Indian cuisine for centuries!
10. Fun Fact: The curry powder in western stores is the remnant of the British Colonial settlers who just needed a simple blend to spice up their bland food once they went back home!
Curry Everywhere!
What were the British doing in India?
Traders – British East India Company
The British arrived in India in the 17th century as traders and eventually gained control over many parts of the country through the British East India Company.
Rulers – British East India Company
The British East India Company transformed from a trading company to a ruling power in India through a series of strategies.
They used military conquest, forming alliances with Indian rulers, gaining economic control, and exerting cultural influence. Military campaigns involved violence and brutality, exploiting existing conflicts between Indian states. The company established alliances often through corruption and coercion, while controlling Indian markets and imposing tariffs and simultaneously destroying indigenous industries beyond repair.
The British Raj – British Crown takes over
During the 19th century, British rule became more formalized, leading to the establishment of the British Raj. British rule brought economic, political, and social changes to India, including the introduction of new technologies, infrastructure, and governance systems for which they charged exorbitant rates of taxation to the Indian taxpayers.
And by design these developments allowed them to loot the country very efficiently, by extracting as much raw materials as they could, making profits at every step of the way.
Overall effect of British presence in India
The draconian British laws and policies caused several preventable famines in India which was self sufficient for centuries, thus leading to the starving death of dozens of millions during the British rule into India.
Thus, the British rule involved exploitation, discrimination, and violence, which had a significant impact on Indian society and culture. They promoted the English language, education, and Christianity, eroding traditional Indian culture and education systems. These strategies had long term detrimental effects on Indian society, industrial, agricultural, economic development and culture.
Indian nationalists and reformers started advocating for independence in the early 20th century. After years of struggle and resistance, India achieved independence in 1947, but alas, only after losing most of it’s fertile landmass, and countless lives again to separatist violence – thanks to the parting British gift of divide and rule.
Desi Diet & Desi Genes
Tradition: The Wholesome Indian Diet
Traditionally, Indian cuisine was a colorful tapestry of whole grains, lentils, vegetables, spices, and an array of regional specialties. A typical meal was a harmonious blend of various food groups, each contributing its unique flavor and nutrition. It was a diet steeped in heritage and wisdom.
Transformation: The Modern Indian Diet
Fast forward to the present, and we find a transformation in Indian diets. Urbanization, globalization, and the fast-food culture have introduced diets rich in processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats. The traditional thali has made way for quick, convenient meals that often lack the diversity and nutrients of their predecessors.
What are These New Foods?
Processed foods are a staple of modern diets but often contain additives, preservatives, and excessive amounts of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. Here are some examples of processed foods in India:
- Instant Noodles (e.g., Maggi, Top Ramen): Quick to prepare but often contain high levels of sodium and unhealthy trans fats.
- Packaged Potato Chips (e.g., Lay’s, Bingo): Fried in unhealthy oils and loaded with salt.
- Sugary Breakfast Cereals (e.g., Corn Flakes): High in added sugars, lacking fiber and nutrients.
- Sweetened Yogurts (e.g., flavored yogurt cups): Contain added sugars, reducing the health benefits of yogurt.
- Fast Food Burgers and Fries (e.g., McDonald’s, KFC): Use processed ingredients and unhealthy cooking methods.
- Instant Soups and Gravies (e.g., Knorr, Maggi): May contain excessive salt, preservatives, and artificial flavors.
- Processed Meats (e.g., sausages, hot dogs): Contain additives and high levels of sodium.
- Sugary Soft Drinks (e.g., Coca-Cola, Pepsi): High in added sugars and offer little nutritional value.
- Canned Foods (e.g., canned vegetables, ready-to-eat curries): May contain added salt and preservatives.
- Instant Packed Snacks (e.g., biscuits, cakes, pastries): High in sugar, unhealthy fats, and additives.
While not all processed foods are unhealthy, it’s essential to read labels and choose products with fewer additives and less added sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. A diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy, is generally a healthier choice.
What About Oils?
In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards using modern highly processed oils such as vegetable oil and refined sunflower oil. While these modern oils may be more affordable and easier to find, they are also less healthy than traditional oils and fats. Modern oils are often high in unhealthy fats such as omega-6 fatty acids, which can contribute to inflammation and chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
Traditional Choices
- Ghee: A good source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
- Mustard Oil: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, important for heart health.
- Sesame Oil: Contains monounsaturated fats and vitamin E, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Coconut Oil: Contains saturated fats and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which boost metabolism and reduce inflammation.
Advantages of Using Traditional Oils
- Healthy Fats: Essential for good health and protection against chronic diseases.
- Less Processed: Retain more nutrients and beneficial compounds.
- Distinct Flavor: Enhance the taste of food.
However, all oils are high in calories, so it’s important to use them in moderation.
The Impact on Health
This shift has not been without consequences. The prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease has surged. A diet once celebrated for its balance has become one that contributes to chronic health issues.
Epigenetics: Your Genes &Future
Now, let’s connect the dots between diet and genetics. Check our discussion on epigenetics, the science of how lifestyle choices affect gene expression? Well, here’s the twist: your dietary choices play a significant role in this genetic symphony.
Simple Shifts, Profound Impact
The good news is that you can make a difference. By reverting to some of the traditional dietary practices that have nourished generations for centuries, you can positively influence your genes and the genetic legacy you pass on.
Embrace the Rainbow
Traditional Indian meals often feature a kaleidoscope of vegetables and fruits. By including a variety of colorful produce, you provide your body with an array of nutrients and antioxidants, keeping your genes in harmony.
Rediscover Whole Grains
Swap refined grains for whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat, and millets. These grains have more fiber and nutrients, which can help manage weight and blood sugar.
Spices and Herbs
The spice rack isn’t just for flavor; it’s a treasure trove of health benefits. Spices like turmeric, cumin, and cinnamon have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help protect your genes.
Mindful Cooking
Traditional Indian cooking methods involve slow cooking, which retains nutrients better. Cooking at home allows you to control the quality and quantity of ingredients, ensuring a healthier meal.
Balance and Moderation
Traditional Indian diets emphasize a balance of flavors and food groups. This approach keeps your genes humming with vitality.
The Future Awaits: A Healthier Legacy
By making these simple shifts in your eating habits, you not only improve your current health but also contribute to a healthier genetic legacy for your future generations. Just as modern diets have influenced genetic health, simple changes can have a profound and positive impact on the health of your family tree.
Acknowledging Regional Diversity
It’s important to recognize the regional diversity within India’s traditional diets. What is considered traditional can vary significantly across different parts of the country. For example, a South Indian meal might feature dosa and sambar, while a North Indian meal might include roti and dal. Embracing this diversity can help ensure a balanced and nutritious diet.
Sources
- Ghee: Studies published in Nutrition, PLoS One, and European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
- Mustard Oil: Studies published in Food Chemistry, Lipids in Health and Disease, and Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.
- Sesame Oil: Studies published in Nutrition, Phytotherapy Research, and Cancer Prevention Research.
- Coconut Oil: Studies published in Lipids, Metabolism, and Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.
Disclaimer: This is not medical advice. We are not doctors or nutritionists. This information is from publicly available articles and studies. Please check with your physicians/doctors before makin
The term Desi can refer to people of Indian subcontinent origin or ancestry, or it can refer to the cultural practices and products of the region.
Desi food, will include dishes such as biryani, Pongal, samosas, Dosa, Idli, Parantha, Chawal and dal, while Desi fashion may feature traditional clothing styles like sarees, salwar kameez, Dhoti, and kurta pajama.
Desi music may include traditional folk music (dozens of styles), classical music (also several distinct schools), traditional dance (several traditional and ancient styles) and popular movie or music genres like Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood (all different regional language film industry names – a play on the word Hollywood).
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