By Desis, for Desis and Everyone Else!!
This site seeks to demystify Indian customs and culture for anyone who wants to learn more. Hopefully, you find the content interesting, educational and find answers to questions you had, but never asked.
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So many festivals! Yes, India has a LOT of them…
What’s a Desi?
The term “desi” is a term that is commonly used by people from the Indian subcontinent to refer to themselves or other people (origin or ancestry) from the region.
The word “Desi” is derived from the Sanskrit word “desh,” which means “country” or “region” or “homeland”. (‘Sanskrit’ word ‘Desh’? What is Sanskrit?)
The top question most folks have – do you eat curry?
Yes, and no. It’s complicated. Learn what IS curry?
Here are a few articles from this site – use the menu at the very top of this page to discover many more…
Desi people can come from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives. The term can also be used to describe aspects of Indian origin culture, including food, clothing, music, and art.
Sarangapani Temple Kumbhakonam
The name Sarangapani (“one who has the bow in his hand”) derives from the Sanskrit word Sarangam meaning bow of Vishnu and pani meaning hand. (Source Wikipedia)
For more information check the temple website or Wikipedia
The Sarangapani Temple is a famous temple located in the town of Kumbakonam in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is considered to be one of the most important temples in the region.
The Sarangapani temple is one of the few ancient temples in India that is still active and has been functioning for over 1000 years.
The temple is believed to have been built during the 12th century by the Chola kings and has undergone several renovations and additions over the centuries. The temple has a beautiful architecture and is known for its intricate carvings and sculptures.
The main deity of the temple is Lord Sarangapani, a form of Lord Vishnu, who is depicted in a standing posture with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi. The temple also has shrines dedicated to other deities like Lord Rama, Lord Hanuman, and Goddess Lakshmi.
The temple is a popular pilgrimage site and attracts thousands of devotees every year. The annual Brahmotsavam festival, which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Panguni (March-April), is a major event at the temple and draws large crowds.
The Sarangapani Temple is a must-visit destination for those interested in temples and historical architecture, and is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Tamil Nadu.
Here are some interesting facts about the Sarangapani temple:
- The temple has a unique feature of having two separate sanctums for Lord Sarangapani and Goddess Komalavalli. This is unusual as most Hindu temples have a single sanctum for the main deity.
- The temple is one of the few ancient temples in India that is still active and has been functioning for over 1000 years.
- The temple is renowned for its stunning architecture, which features intricate carvings, beautiful sculptures, and exquisite frescoes.
- The temple is believed to have been visited by several great saints and scholars, including Adi Shankaracharya, who is said to have composed a hymn in praise of Lord Sarangapani.
- The temple is also famous for its annual float festival, which takes place in the Tamil month of Thai (January-February) and involves a procession of beautifully decorated floats on the temple tank.
- The temple is said to have been originally built by the Chola dynasty, but was later expanded and renovated by various rulers, including the Nayaks and Marathas.
- The temple has several unique features, including a special shrine dedicated to Lord Vishnu in the form of a reclining posture, which is rare in South Indian temples.
- The temple has been declared a protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India and is considered an important cultural and historical site in India.
What’s Curry?
What is Curry?
A common question that many from India and that part of the world, (and several other regions associated with Indian culture – like parts of Asia and elsewhere) will surely be asked – Do you eat curry?
Curry at the top: Photo by Sanket Shah on Unsplash
Generally – the idea seems to be that it’s a dish and can have some slight variations – like pizza – with different toppings (probably not too good of an example – but just to give an idea).
It can be a very different based on where that curry is from, how and what is cooked and who is cooking it…
First, we need to understand where the origin of the current usage of the word curry came from – at least into the English language.
Quick Video about Curry
Below is just one take on it. Feel free to share your thoughts below.
That’s alright, but what is CURRY POWDER?
There are a lot of spices mentioned in the video too, right?
What are these spices and where did these come from?
More about Curry
Learn more here https://www.britannica.com/topic/curry
Curry is a staple dish in many countries around the world, but where did this beloved cuisine originate? The answer may surprise you.
Though curry has become widely popular across India and Asia, it actually originated in South India over 4,000 years ago!
This ancient dish was made using local spices including turmeric and pepper to create a flavorful blend that could be used on various dishes.
Curry can be made with a variety of meats, including chicken, goat, lamb, pork, shrimp, and fish. Vegetarian and vegan curries are also popular. The heat level can vary widely, from mild to extremely spicy, depending on the type and amount of chili peppers used in the recipe.
Curry leaves are an essential ingredient in many Indian and Sri Lankan curries, and coconut milk is a common ingredient in Thai curries, while yogurt or cream is often used in Indian curries to create a creamy texture.
As time went on, these spices were brought to other parts of the world by traders who had visited South Indian ports.
The word “curry” actually comes from the Tamil word “kari” meaning sauce. It was the British who popularized the word to describe all the spice-based dishes they encountered in India.
What were the British doing in India?
Traders – British East India Company
The British arrived in India in the 17th century as traders and eventually gained control over many parts of the country through the British East India Company.
Rulers – British East India Company
The British East India Company transformed from a trading company to a ruling power in India through a series of strategies.
They used military conquest, forming alliances with Indian rulers, gaining economic control, and exerting cultural influence. Military campaigns involved violence and brutality, exploiting existing conflicts between Indian states. The company established alliances often through corruption and coercion, while controlling Indian markets and imposing tariffs and simultaneously destroying indigenous industries beyond repair.
The British Raj – British Crown takes over
During the 19th century, British rule became more formalized, leading to the establishment of the British Raj. British rule brought economic, political, and social changes to India, including the introduction of new technologies, infrastructure, and governance systems for which they charged exorbitant rates of taxation to the Indian taxpayers.
And by design these developments allowed them to loot the country very efficiently, by extracting as much raw materials as they could, making profits at every step of the way.
Overall effect of British presence in India
The draconian British laws and policies caused several preventable famines in India which was self sufficient for centuries, thus leading to the starving death of dozens of millions during the British rule into India.
Thus, the British rule involved exploitation, discrimination, and violence, which had a significant impact on Indian society and culture. They promoted the English language, education, and Christianity, eroding traditional Indian culture and education systems. These strategies had long term detrimental effects on Indian society, industrial, agricultural, economic development and culture.
Indian nationalists and reformers started advocating for independence in the early 20th century. After years of struggle and resistance, India achieved independence in 1947, but alas, only after losing most of it’s fertile landmass, and countless lives again to separatist violence – thanks to the parting British gift of divide and rule.
How is curry used around the world?
Today curry can be found all over the globe with some of its most popular variations being found in Japan (curry rice), Thailand (green or red Thai curries) and Britain (the classic chicken tikka masala). In addition to these countries however there are also several others which have embraced this spicy delight.
Curries can be found in different forms all across South east asia and literally in places which are far flung across the globe.
The type of curry that is considered most famous would likely depend upon which region you ask – for example those from Southeast Asia might say green or red Thai curries while Indians might point towards traditional Indian varieties which again vary from region to region.
No matter what type it is though one thing remains certain: Curry holds an important cultural significance no matter where it’s enjoyed!
Top 10 things to know about ‘curry’
- Curry is not a specific dish or spice, but rather a term used to describe a variety of dishes that originate from different countries and cultures, including India, Thailand, Japan, and others.
- The word “curry” comes from the Tamil word “kari,” which means “sauce.” It was the British who introduced the word “curry” to describe the various spice-based dishes they encountered in India.
- The use of curry powder, a blend of spices commonly used in Western-style curries, is actually a Western invention. In India, most curries are made by blending spices together fresh for each dish.
- The heat level of a curry can vary widely, from mild to extremely spicy. The level of spiciness depends on the type and amount of chili peppers used in the recipe.
- Curry leaves are an essential ingredient in many Indian and Sri Lankan curries. These leaves come from the curry tree, which is native to India and Sri Lanka.
- Curry can be made with a variety of meats, including chicken, goat, lamb, pork, shrimp and fish. Vegetarian and vegan curries are also popular.
- Coconut milk is a common ingredient in Thai curries, while yogurt or cream is often used in Indian curries to create a creamy texture.
- In Japan, curry is a popular comfort food and is often served with rice or noodles. Japanese-style curry typically includes meat and vegetables, and is thicker and sweeter than Indian or Thai curries.
- Some curries, such as the British dish “chicken tikka masala,” are actually hybrid dishes that were created by combining elements of different cuisines.
- Curry has many potential health benefits, thanks to the various spices used in its preparation. For example, turmeric, a common ingredient in curry powder, contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has been used for a long long time in Indian cuisine.
Curry from around Asia
Curry is a term now used to describe a variety of dishes originating from different countries and cultures, including India, Thailand, Japan, and others. Despite its clearly Indian origins, curry has had a significant impact on the cuisine of many countries around the world.
Japan
Japanese curry (known as “karē” in Japanese) is a popular comfort food in Japan and is often served with rice or noodles.
Japanese-style curry typically includes meat and vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and onions, and is thicker and sweeter than Indian or Thai curries.
The curry roux used in Japanese curry is made with a blend of spices, including turmeric, cumin, coriander, and cinnamon, but it is milder and sweeter than Indian curry.
Some popular Japanese curry dishes include katsu curry (served with breaded and fried pork or chicken), beef curry, and vegetable curry.
Burma (Myanmar)
Burmese curries are known for their strong flavors and use of local spices, such as turmeric, ginger, garlic, and lemongrass.
One popular Burmese curry dish is “ohn no khao swè” a coconut milk-based chicken noodle soup that is flavored with a blend of spices, including turmeric, paprika, and chili powder.
Another popular Burmese curry is “amat hin” a spicy fish curry made with tomato, tamarind, and chili.
Malaysia and Singapore
Malaysian and Singaporean curries are heavily influenced by Indian cuisine, but they also incorporate local spices and ingredients, such as lemongrass, galangal, and kaffir lime leaves.
One popular Malaysian curry dish is “rendang” a dry curry made with beef, chicken, or lamb that is flavored with a blend of spices and coconut milk.
Another popular Malaysian curry is “laksa” a noodle soup that can be made with a curry broth that is flavored with spices and coconut milk.
In Singapore, “curry laksa” is a popular dish that features a spicy coconut milk-based broth with noodles, seafood, and vegetables.
Indonesia
Indonesian curries are known for their complex flavors and use of local spices and ingredients, such as turmeric, ginger, lemongrass, and tamarind.
One popular Indonesian curry is “rendan” which is similar to the Malaysian version, but is usually spicier and more complex in flavor.
Another popular Indonesian curry is “gulai” a curry made with meat, fish, or vegetables that is flavored with a blend of spices and coconut milk.
Philippines
In the Philippines, curries are not as commonly consumed as they are in other Southeast Asian countries, but there are some traditional Filipino curries.
One popular Filipino curry dish is “kare-kare” a peanut-based stew that is made with oxtail, beef, or pork, and is usually served with vegetables and rice.
Another popular Filipino curry is “ginataang manok” a chicken curry made with coconut milk and spices such as ginger and turmeric.
Thailand
Thai curries are known for their bold and spicy flavors, and they often include a combination of meat, vegetables, and aromatic herbs.
Thai curries are typically made with a paste that includes ingredients such as lemongrass, galangal, chili peppers, and shrimp paste.
Some popular Thai curries include green curry, red curry, and massaman curry.
Green curry is spicier than red curry and is made with green chili peppers, while red curry is milder and sweeter than green curry and is made with red chili peppers.
Massaman curry is a relatively mild curry that is flavored with spices such as cinnamon, cardamom, and nutmeg, and is often made with beef or chicken. Thai curries are typically served with rice or noodles.
Cambodia
Cambodian curries are characterized by their use of herbs such as lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, and galangal.
Fish amok is a popular Cambodian curry dish made with fish, coconut milk, and a blend of spices including turmeric, garlic, and chili.
Another popular Cambodian curry is kari sach ko, a beef curry flavored with lemongrass, ginger, and kaffir lime leaves.
Laos
Lao curries are known for their spiciness and often feature local ingredients such as buffalo meat and padaek, a fermented fish paste.
One popular Lao curry is “mok pa” a fish curry that is steamed in banana leaves with a blend of spices, including galangal, lemongrass, and chili.
Another popular Lao curry is “kaeng nor mai” a bamboo shoot curry that is typically made with pork and flavored with a blend of spices including garlic, ginger, and turmeric.
Current usage of the word curry
The term “curry” then spread to other parts of the world, and today, it is commonly used to refer to a range of South Asian-inspired dishes that are served in Western countries.
When people in western countries hear the word “curry” they often think of a spicy, flavorful dish that is made with a combination of spices and served with rice or bread.
Some common ingredients in Western-style curries include onions, garlic, ginger, cumin, coriander, turmeric, and chili peppers, although the exact spices used can vary depending on the recipe and the region.
In many western countries, “curry” is also associated with a particular type of restaurant or takeaway, where customers can order a variety of different curries to go.
Onam
Summary
Nestled in the southwestern corner of India lies the enchanting state of Kerala, a land renowned for its natural beauty, cultural richness, and vibrant festivals – often referred to as God’s own land. One such celebration that captivates the hearts of people of Kerala and visitors alike is Onam, a ten-day harvest festival that brings together tales of kings, Gods, cultural traditions, and a sumptuous feast that reflects the essence of Kerala’s spirit.
About Kerala
Kerala is a state in the southwest of India. It is located on the Malabar coast, which is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Karnataka to the north and northeast, and Tamil Nadu to the east. The capital of Kerala is Thiruvananthapuram.
Kerala is known for its ecotourism initiatives, beautiful backwaters, and unique culture and traditions. It is also known as “God’s own Country”.
Kerala is a small state, making up only about 1 percent of India’s total area. It has a population of 30 million and a surface area of 38,900 km2. The majority language is Malayalam.
King Mahabali and Lord Vamana
At the heart of Onam lies the legend of King Mahabali and Lord Vamana (an avatar of Lord Vishnu). Mahabali, known for his just rule and devotion, attracted the attention of Lord Vishnu, who took the form of Vamana, a learned man but who is of a very small stature. Seeking alms, Vamana asked for three paces of land from the generous King Bali . The King grants his request. Vamana then grows to a giant and with his first two strides, he covered the earth and heavens. As there was no place for the third step, Mahabali offered his head and Vamana places his foot and pushes the king to the nether worlds. Impressed by his selflessness, Vamana granted him a boon to visit his kingdom once a year, a celebration that came to be known as Onam.
Ten Days of Onam
Onam spans ten days, each marked by unique rituals and festivities:
Onam: A Festival of 10 Days
Onam, the vibrant harvest festival of Kerala, unfolds over ten days, each brimming with its unique traditions, rituals, and cultural significance.
Day 1 – Atham
The festival commences with Atham, marked by the creation of a simple floral arrangement, “Pookkalam,” at the entrance of homes. It symbolizes the start of the festivities and encourages creativity and community engagement. This is a day of preparation. People clean their homes and decorate them with flowers. They also buy new clothes and food for the festival. This marks King Mahabali’s preparations to journey from Heaven to his earthly kingdom.
Day 2 – Chithira
Chithira signifies the essence of unity and the spirit of togetherness. The creation of Onam Pookkalam, a floral carpet, symbolizes this day’s festivities.Homes come alive with color as people contribute to the floral patterns. Pookkalam are made by women and children, and they are placed in front of homes and temples.
Day 3 – Chodhi
Another layer of flowers is added to the carpet, employing an assortment of four to five flower types. Families prepare for the days ahead by engaging in collective activities. This is a day of fasting and prayer. People pray for the well-being of their families and friends.
Day 4 – Vishakam
Vishakam sees the Pookkalam taking a more intricate form. The day holds a special significance as it marks the start of many cultural performances and events that continue throughout Onam. This is a day of celebration. People feast on traditional Onam dishes and enjoy cultural performances. This day launches various tournaments as part of the celebration.
Day 5 – Anizham
On Anizham, the Pookkalam continues to flourish with more complex designs. The festivities gain momentum, and various art forms like traditional dances and music performances grace the stages. On this day, people visit temples and offer prayers. Preparations for the grand boat race take place on this fifth day.
Day 6 – Thriketa
Thriketa witnesses a heightened enthusiasm as the Pookkalam becomes even more intricate and captivating. It’s a day of joy and excitement, as the community comes together to celebrate their shared cultural heritage. Festive celebrations are ignited on this day.
Day 7 – Moolam
As Moolam dawns, the Pookkalam reaches its zenith, showcasing the mastery of floral artistry. Traditional rituals and prayers are performed, reflecting the spiritual essence of Onam. Temples come alive with special pujas and rituals.
Day 8 – Pooradam
On Pooradam or Pooram, the excitement builds as families prepare for the upcoming boat races, “Vallamkali.” The highlight of the day is a grand procession of elephants and dancers. Idols of Vamana and King Mahabali are raised in homes to commemorate this day.
Day 9 – Uthradom
Uthradom, the penultimate day, is marked by intense preparations for the grand feast, “Onam Sadya.” Homes are cleaned, and ingredients are gathered for the culinary extravaganza. Mahabali’s symbolic entry into Kerala is observed. This is a day of homecoming. People believe that King Mahabali returns to Kerala on this day. They welcome him with a feast and prayers.
Day 10 – Thiru Onam
The pinnacle of Onam arrives with Thiru Onam or Thiruvonam. Homes are adorned with grand Pookkalams, and families don traditional attire. The day commences with rituals and prayers, followed by the grand Onam Sadya feast, where families and communities gather to savor the diverse flavors of Kerala’s cuisine. Cultural performances, games, and festivities mark the day, reminding everyone of the cultural unity and harmony that Onam symbolizes. The pinnacle of the celebration, this day sees the warm and reverential welcome of King Mahabali by the people of Kerala.
Onam Traditions
Pookkalam
This is a floral carpet made of fresh flowers arranged in intricate patterns on the floor. People start making pookkalam from Atham onwards, and add a new layer every day until Thiruvonam. The pookkalam symbolizes the welcome to King Mahabali and also showcases the artistic talent of the people.
Vallamkali
On the Pampa River, traditional boat races called “Vallamkali” are held, reflecting Kerala’s maritime heritage and unity. This boat race takes place on the backwaters of Kerala. The boats are long and narrow, and can accommodate up to 100 rowers.
The rowers wear white mundu (a traditional garment) and colorful turbans, and sing songs to synchronize their movements. The boat race is a spectacle of speed, skill, and teamwork.
Onakalikal
Traditional games such as tug-of-war, archery, and martial arts competitions engage participants and spectators.
Kayyikali is one of the famous sport – where the opponents use fists. This is quite brutal but popular. Usually has two teams. Read more here.
Sadya
This is a grand feast served on a banana leaf, consisting of various vegetarian dishes – including “Avial” (mixed vegetable stew), “Sambhar” (lentil stew with seasonal vegetables and spices), “Parippu” (lentil dish), rice, pickles, papadum, and payasam (a sweet dessert). Sadya is usually eaten with hands, and is considered a highlight of Onam. People invite their friends and relatives for sadya, and enjoy the food and company. The harmonious blend of flavors mirrors Kerala’s multicultural landscape.
Thiruvathirakali
This is a dance performed by women, dressed in white sarees with golden borders. They form a circle around a lamp or a floral decoration, and sway gracefully to the rhythm of a song. The dance is dedicated to Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati, and expresses the love and devotion of women towards their husbands.
PuliKali
This is a folk art that involves men painting their bodies as tigers and leopards, and dancing to the beats of drums. The performers wear masks and costumes, and mimic the movements of wild animals. The pulikali is a fun and colorful way to entertain the crowds.
Onathappan
This is a clay pyramid that represents King Mahabali or Lord Vishnu. It is placed in the center of the pookalam, and worshipped with flowers, fruits, and incense. On Thiruvonam day, the onathappan is immersed in water, as a farewell to King Mahabali.
Onam’s Cultural Significance
Onam symbolizes the spirit of unity and togetherness, across all classes of society. The festival underscores Kerala’s agrarian roots, where the harvest is celebrated as a community effort. People from all walks of life come together to partake in the festivities, reinforcing the essence of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” the world as one family.
Onam Beyond Kerala
As the Indian diaspora spreads across the world, so does the spirit of Onam. Indians of Kerala origin living outside the state organize celebrations that bring a taste of Kerala’s traditions and flavors to distant shores.
Onam, with its legends, intricate floral carpets, boat races, and grand feasts, offers a window into Kerala’s cultural ethos. It encapsulates the colorful tapestry of this enchanting land and serves as a testament to unity, harmony, and the enduring ties that bind its people.
Top Image Source
The term Desi can refer to people of Indian subcontinent origin or ancestry, or it can refer to the cultural practices and products of the region.
Desi food, will include dishes such as biryani, Pongal, samosas, Dosa, Idli, Parantha, Chawal and dal, while Desi fashion may feature traditional clothing styles like sarees, salwar kameez, Dhoti, and kurta pajama.
Desi music may include traditional folk music (dozens of styles), classical music (also several distinct schools), traditional dance (several traditional and ancient styles) and popular movie or music genres like Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood (all different regional language film industry names – a play on the word Hollywood).
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