By Desis, for Desis and Everyone Else!!
What’s a Desi?
The term “desi” is a term that is commonly used by people from the Indian subcontinent to refer to themselves or other people (origin or ancestry) from the region.
The word “Desi” is derived from the Sanskrit word “desh,” which means “country” or “region” or “homeland”. (‘Sanskrit’ word ‘Desh’? What is Sanskrit?)
Did you ever wonder:
What is Indian culture like? Learn more!
Interesting facts about India you didn’t know about!
Explore Indian customs.
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Desi people can come from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives. The term can also be used to describe aspects of Indian origin culture, including food, clothing, music, and art.
Independence Day
About India
India is the world’s oldest continuous civilization, and its story is one of change, resilience, and hope.
Situated in South Asia, India’s story stretches back thousands of years. From the Indus Valley Civilization about 5300 years ago to some of the largest Indian kingdoms to the Islamic invasions and rule to the British Empire, India has seen many different rulers and dynasties come and go. But through it all, India’s people have maintained their rich culture and traditions. India is a land of diverse religions, languages, and customs, but it is also a land of unity, tolerance and accepting to all.
India is also home to a variety of religions, languages, ethnicity, cuisines, arts, and traditions, making it a vibrant and colorful mosaic of humanity.
India has made significant contributions to science, mathematics, literature, philosophy, architecture, and spirituality, among other fields of human endeavor.
India is also known for its natural beauty, from the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to the tropical beaches in the south, and its wildlife diversity, which includes the majestic Bengal tiger, the endangered Asiatic lion, and the rare one-horned rhinoceros. India is a country that offers something for everyone, whether it is adventure, culture, spirituality, or entertainment.
However, India’s history also bears scars. Colonialism under the British Empire shaped its modern trajectory, leading to a long struggle for independence which it got in 1947. Today, India stands as a thriving democracy, blending ancient wisdom with modern innovation, with a tech sector that’s propelling it onto the global stage.
India has made great strides in economic development and social progress since independence, and it is now a major player on the world stage. But India still faces many challenges – despite these challenges, India is a country with a bright future. Indians are a resilient and it is a land of hope, and a country that is on the move.
India’s Independence Day
India’s Independence Day is celebrated on August 15th. India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. As of August, 2023, it has been 76 years since India gained its hard-fought independence. This milestone signifies not only the nation’s historical achievement but also its ongoing journey toward progress, unity, and continued growth.
Historical Milestones
Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization, spanning roughly from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, marked one of India’s earliest cultural blossoms. This sophisticated urban culture thrived along the Indus River, showcasing town planning, drainage systems, and intricately crafted artifacts. While their script remains undecipherable, it hints at advanced linguistic and communication systems.
Literature, Philosophy, and Linguistics
Around 800 BCE (2800+ years ago), India’s literary and philosophical traditions began to flourish. The Upanishads, profound philosophical texts, emerged, exploring themes of existence, consciousness, and spirituality. Everyone must read epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, philosophical works like the Bhagavad Gita. This era also witnessed the codification of Panini’s grammar system, a foundational linguistic work that shaped linguistic studies globally.
Astrology and Astronomy
Around 500 BCE (2500+ years ago), Indian astronomers and astrologers began to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos. Aryabhatta’s calculation of pi and the circumference of the Earth showcased their advanced astronomical knowledge. This period laid the groundwork for the development of trigonometry and heliocentric models.
Metallurgy
About 2000 BCE (4000 years ago), Indian metallurgists exhibited remarkable skill in metal production. They forged iron, copper, and bronze, setting the stage for metallurgical advancements. The production of steel and the extraction of zinc were among their pioneering achievements, influencing subsequent generations.
Mathematics and Zero
Around 500 BCE (2500 years ago), Indian mathematicians Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II revolutionized mathematics. Aryabhatta introduced the concept of zero, a game-changer for mathematical thought. Their contributions to algebra, quadratic equations, and trigonometry have left an enduring impact.
Engineering and Architecture
India’s engineering marvels from the ancient times showcase exceptional prowess. The construction of dams, canals, and irrigation systems around 3000 BCE displayed their understanding of hydraulic engineering. Architectural brilliance emerged around 2000 BCE, as Indian engineers designed forts, palaces, and temples adorned with intricate carvings, influencing architectural styles for centuries.
Medicine and Ayurveda
Sushruta and Charaka, ancient Indian physicians, contributed significantly to medicine. Their work spans a time period difficult to pinpoint, but their invaluable contributions are timeless. Sushruta’s mastery of surgery, evident in procedures still in use (rhinoplasty), and Charaka’s comprehensive treatise on medicine remain touchstones of medical history.
Philosophy and Spirituality
India’s philosophical legacy, traced back to around 800 BCE, encompasses diverse schools of thought like Vedanta and Samkhya. The Upanishads, and later the teachings of Buddha, and Mahavira fostered deep spiritual explorations, shaping humanity’s understanding of existence and enlightenment.
Music and Dance
Indian music and dance, with origins stretching far into history, present complex melodies, rhythms, and graceful movements. These art forms, evolving over centuries, convey emotions, stories, and cultural expressions.
These milestones, spanning thousands of years, showcase India’s multifaceted brilliance. From the advanced urban planning of the Indus Valley Civilization to the philosophical depth of the Upanishads, India’s history is a tapestry woven with intellectual and innovative threads that continue to influence and inspire the world.
After Independence
India has come a long way since gaining independence in 1947. The nation has made significant progress across various sectors, although there are still challenges to address.
Economic Growth
India’s economy has experienced remarkable growth since independence. From being primarily agrarian, the country has transitioned into a diverse economy with a strong service and technology sector. The rapid growth of industries, urbanization, and increased foreign investment have all contributed to this economic transformation.
Technological Advancements
In recent decades, India has become a global tech hub, with a booming IT and software industry. The country has produced a significant number of skilled professionals in the technology sector, contributing to innovation and entrepreneurship on the global stage.
Social Progress
India has made strides in improving social indicators like literacy rates, life expectancy, and healthcare access. Programs aimed at poverty reduction, education, and healthcare have helped improve the overall quality of life for many citizens.
Infrastructure Development
India has invested in developing its infrastructure, including transportation, energy, and communication networks. Modernization of cities, construction of new airports, and expansion of highways have all contributed to improving connectivity and mobility.
Democratic Strength
India has upheld its democratic principles and continues to hold regular elections, allowing citizens to participate in governance. Freedom of speech and expression, as well as a vibrant media, contribute to a healthy democratic environment.
Cultural Richness
India’s cultural heritage remains a source of pride. The nation’s diverse traditions, languages, and arts continue to flourish, enriching the global cultural landscape.
In essence, India’s journey since independence has been one of progress, resilience, and transformation. While many challenges persist, the nation’s growth across economic, technological, social, and cultural domains showcases its potential to achieve even greater heights in the future.
India – The Past Decade
India has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world in the last decade, achieving remarkable progress in reducing poverty, expanding its middle class, and diversifying its sectors. According to the World Bank, India’s GDP grew from $1.2 trillion in 2007 to $2.9 trillion in 2020, making it the seventh largest economy in nominal terms and the third largest by purchasing power parity. India has also emerged as a global player in various fields, such as software, space exploration, renewable energy, and digitization.
COVID-19 Vaccine Development
India emerged as a global leader in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The country’s pharmaceutical industry played a pivotal role in producing vaccines at a massive scale. The development of the Covaxin and Covishield vaccines showcased India’s scientific capabilities, leading to the distribution of millions of vaccine doses both domestically and internationally.
India’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was marked by its vaccine contributions on a global scale. The country, with its indigenous vaccine manufacturing capabilities, provided free vaccines to numerous countries, reflecting its commitment to global public health.
India’s ‘Vaccine Maitri’ initiative aimed to distribute vaccines to various nations. By the middle of 2021, India had provided more than 66 million vaccine doses to nearly 95 countries, showcasing its role as the “pharmacy of the world.” These doses helped inoculate frontline workers, vulnerable populations, and citizens of partner nations.
Financial Technology and UPI
The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) revolutionized the digital payments landscape in India over the last decade. UPI allowed seamless, secure, and instant money transfers between bank accounts through mobile phones. This innovative platform transformed the way people transact, reducing the dependence on cash and traditional banking methods.
Global UPI Adoption
India’s UPI success story gained global attention. Several advanced countries, inspired by UPI’s efficiency and convenience, started adopting similar real-time payment systems. Countries like Singapore, Australia, and the United States are exploring or implementing systems modeled after India’s UPI, acknowledging its transformative impact on financial technology.
Diplomacy and Geopolitics
India’s diplomatic efforts gained momentum, bolstering its strategic partnerships and influence on the global stage. Initiatives like the Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) brought together India, the United States, Japan, and Australia to address shared challenges and promote regional stability. India’s foreign policy evolved, with efforts to strengthen ties with both neighboring countries and global powers. Initiatives like the ‘Act East Policy’ aimed to enhance engagement with Southeast Asian nations, while maintaining strategic partnerships with countries such as the United States.
Renewable Energy Leadership
In line with sustainable development goals, India continued its focus on renewable energy. The International Solar Alliance, co-founded by India, aimed to promote solar energy deployment globally. India’s ambitious target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 reflected its commitment to clean and green energy solutions.
Education and Technology
India’s education sector witnessed the rise of ed-tech platforms, enabling online learning and bridging educational gaps, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The popularity of these platforms demonstrated India’s readiness to embrace technology-driven education.
Economic Growth and Reforms
In the last decade, India’s economy continued to grow, despite facing certain challenges. The government initiated reforms aimed at improving ease of doing business, encouraging foreign investment, and boosting the manufacturing sector. The ‘Make in India’ campaign aimed to promote domestic manufacturing and attract foreign investment in various industries.
Digital Transformation
India witnessed a significant digital revolution in the last decade. The government’s ‘Digital India’ initiative aimed to enhance digital infrastructure, increase internet connectivity, and promote digital literacy. This led to increased internet penetration, the rise of e-commerce, and the proliferation of digital payment systems.
Aadhaar Card
The Aadhaar card stands as a distinctive 12-digit identification code issued by the Indian Government to its citizens. Its swift and effective implementation facilitated enrollment of over a billion individuals within a span of slightly over a decade (by 2021). This card has played a pivotal role in reshaping financial transactions for the general populace, enabling cashless payments, distributing governmental benefits, initiating bank accounts, and facilitating transactions for products and services. Some of the notable advantages:
- Enhanced Financial Inclusion: By simplifying the process of opening bank accounts and accessing financial amenities, the Aadhaar card has effectively integrated millions (most without any banking access) into the formal financial system.
- Diminished Corruption: Through its intricate identification mechanisms, the Aadhaar card has notably curbed corruption in governmental initiatives, rendering it tougher to replicate identities and wrongfully claim entitled benefits.
- Elevated Efficiency: The Aadhaar card has streamlined the execution of government schemes by simplifying beneficiary identification and authentication procedures.
- Amplified Transparency: Fostering transparency in government programs, the Aadhaar card has facilitated the tracking of fund disbursements, contributing to heightened clarity in financial transactions.
The Aadhaar card wields substantial potential to uplift the quality of life for countless Indian citizens. It stands as a fundamental element within the government’s broader mission of attaining financial inclusiviness and mitigating poverty.
Space Exploration
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) achieved notable milestones in the last decade. The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014 marked India’s successful entry into interplanetary space exploration. The launch of numerous satellites for various purposes, including communication and navigation, demonstrated ISRO’s capabilities.
Space Exploration Continues: ISRO continued to make strides in space exploration. The Chandrayaan-2 mission aimed to explore the Moon’s south pole, showcasing India’s scientific and technological advancements in space.
Healthcare Initiatives
The last decade witnessed the launch of the Ayushman Bharat program, aiming to provide health insurance coverage to millions of citizens. This initiative aimed to address the gaps in healthcare access, particularly for economically vulnerable populations.
Gender Empowerment & Social Initiatives
Various initiatives were launched to empower women and address gender inequality. Campaigns like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ focused on female education and welfare. The ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ aimed to promote cleanliness and sanitation across the country.
Challenges and Ongoing Concerns
While progress was made, challenges like unemployment, income inequality, environmental sustainability, and access to quality education and healthcare remain areas of concern.
In the last decade, India has continued its journey of growth, innovation, and development across various sectors. As the nation moves forward, building on its strengths and addressing its challenges, the stage is set for India to play an increasingly influential role on the global stage in the years to come.
Future Outlook
India’s future holds a myriad of possibilities, shaped by its dynamic blend of history, culture, innovation, and resilience. While the path ahead may come with challenges, India’s trajectory remains promising and hopeful:
Economic Growth
India’s economy is poised for continued growth, driven by a burgeoning young population, a thriving tech sector, and ongoing reforms. Sectors such as digital technology, renewable energy, and healthcare are likely to play key roles in shaping the country’s economic landscape.
Innovation and Technology
India’s prowess in technology and innovation is expected to flourish further. The nation’s startup ecosystem is already gaining global recognition, and advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and space exploration will likely contribute to India’s standing on the global innovation map. India’s booming tech sector, including software development and digital services, positions the country as a global technology hub.
Global Leadership
India’s diplomatic engagements are projected to strengthen, with the country playing an increasingly influential role in international forums. Its commitment to multilateral cooperation, as seen in initiatives like the International Solar Alliance and the Quad, is likely to shape global agendas on climate change, security, and economic development.
Healthcare and Biotechnology
India’s healthcare sector is on a trajectory of expansion and transformation. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to drive advancements in public health infrastructure, pharmaceutical research, and vaccine manufacturing capabilities.
Sustainable Development
India’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental conservation is expected to remain strong. The nation’s focus on renewable energy, afforestation, and waste management will contribute to a greener and more resilient future.
Social Empowerment
Initiatives aimed at gender equality, education, and healthcare access will continue to empower communities across India. As the nation strives for inclusive growth, progress in these areas will be instrumental in shaping a more equitable society.
Demographic Dividend
India’s large young population provides a potential demographic dividend, with a skilled workforce that can drive economic growth and innovation.
Cultural Richness
India’s cultural heritage and diversity will continue to shine. Its artistic expressions, languages, and traditions will play a pivotal role in fostering unity and preserving the nation’s unique identity on the global stage.
Challenges to Address
Income Inequality
Disparities in wealth and income distribution remain a challenge, requiring policies that promote inclusive economic growth.
Infrastructure Development
Despite progress, there’s a need for improved infrastructure in sectors such as transportation, healthcare, and education to support the growing population.
Environmental Sustainability
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have environmental implications, necessitating efforts to balance development with ecological conservation.
Education and Skill Development
Ensuring quality education and skill development for the entire population is crucial for tapping into the demographic dividend.
Healthcare Access:
While improvements have been made, equitable access to healthcare, especially in rural areas, remains a concern.
Gender Equality
Achieving gender equality across various domains, including education, workforce participation, and leadership roles, requires ongoing efforts.
Geopolitical Challenges
Balancing relationships with neighboring countries and managing geopolitical dynamics requires diplomatic finesse.
Social Harmony
Preserving social harmony amidst cultural diversity and preventing instances of communal tension is essential for a united nation.
Digital Divide
While digital technology offers immense opportunities, ensuring digital inclusion for all segments of society is a challenge.
Agricultural Reform
Modernizing and making agriculture more sustainable to ensure food security while addressing the challenges faced by rural communities is vital.
In essence, India’s future is a canvas waiting to be painted with the colors of ambition, innovation, and collaboration. The nation’s ability to harness its strengths, address its challenges, and embrace opportunities will determine its journey forward. With a resilient spirit and a history of triumph, India’s future looks poised to be one of progress, unity, and continuous growth.
What is Sojibu Nongma Panba?
What is Sojibu Nongma Panba?
Sojibu Nongma Panba is a traditional festival of Manipur, a northeastern state of India. It is celebrated on the 14th day of the lunar month of Langban (February/March) by the Meitei community of Manipur. The festival marks the beginning of the agricultural season and is dedicated to the goddess Sojibu, the deity of paddy fields and crops.
The term Sojibu Nongma Panba can be broken down as follows: ‘Sojibu’ means the area where the goddess Sojibu resides, ‘Nongma’ means the first, and ‘Panba’ means cultivation or ploughing of the fields. Hence, the festival is also known as the ‘First Ploughing Festival’.
The festival begins with the preparation of the soil for cultivation, followed by the ceremonial ploughing of the fields by the head of the family or the eldest member of the community.
This is considered an auspicious event, and it is believed that the success of the upcoming agricultural season depends on the ploughing.
After the ploughing ceremony, offerings of fruits, flowers, and other items are made to the goddess Sojibu. The people then visit the nearby temple of Sojibu to seek blessings and offer prayers for a bountiful harvest.
The festival is also marked by cultural events such as traditional dances, songs, and feasting.
Sojibu Nongma Panba has a significant spiritual and cultural significance for the Meitei community of Manipur. The festival signifies the beginning of the agricultural season, and it is believed that a good harvest is necessary for the prosperity and well-being of the community.
The festival is also an occasion to celebrate the bond between humans and nature and to offer gratitude to the goddess Sojibu for providing them with sustenance.
Sojibu Nongma Panba is a unique festival that is a testament to the close relationship between the Meitei community and their environment.
Sojibu Nongma Panba is primarily an agricultural festival, and the traditional foods prepared during the festival are made from the newly harvested crops. Some of the popular traditional foods prepared during the festival include:
Chak-hao kheer: It is a rice pudding made from black rice, which is also known as chak-hao in Manipuri. The black rice gives the pudding a distinctive color and flavor.
Ngari: It is a fermented fish dish that is a staple in Manipuri cuisine. The fish is usually dried in the sun before being fermented and can be eaten with rice or other dishes.
Chamthong: It is a clear soup made from various vegetables like cabbage, pumpkin, beans, and herbs. It is usually served with rice.
Kangsoi: It is a vegetable stew made with bamboo shoots, potatoes, onions, and other vegetables. It is also served with rice.
Eromba: It is a spicy mashed vegetable dish made with boiled vegetables like potatoes, yams, and colocasia leaves. It is typically served as a side dish with rice or fish.
Paknam: It is a steamed cake made from rice flour, coconut, and jaggery. It is a popular dessert and is typically served with tea.
Raksha Bandhan
Summary
Raksha Bandhan, also referred to as Rakhi Purnima, is a traditional Indian festival observed with great enthusiasm throughout India and beyond. At its core, Raksha Bandhan celebrates the unique relationship shared between brothers and sisters. The festival revolves around the sacred thread, or “rakhi,” which sisters lovingly tie around their brothers’ wrists, symbolizing their unbreakable bond.
What is Raksha Bandhan?
Raksha Bandhan is a traditional Hindu festival celebrated to honor the relationship between brothers and sisters. The term “Raksha Bandhan” (Raksha – to Protect, Bandhan – something that’s tied) translates to “bond of protection.” On this day, sisters tie a sacred thread known as a “rakhi” around their brothers’ wrists, primarily to seek divine protection from all harm – for their brothers; and also as a symbol of their love and affection. In return, brothers offer gifts and pledge to safeguard their sisters throughout their lives.
When is Raksha Bandhan Celebrated?
Raksha Bandhan is usually observed on the full moon day (Rakhi Purnima) of the Hindu month of Shravana, which typically falls in August. The festival holds special significance in Indian culture and is celebrated with enthusiasm across the country.
Purnima is the Sanskrit word for full moon. It is the fifteenth day of the lunar cycle, as the moon reaches the final stage of the Shukla Paksha (waxing period). The full moon is considered the third of the four primary phases of the moon; the other three phases are amavasya (new moon – first day of the lunar cycle, as the moon is completely dark), krishna paksha pratipada (first quarter moon – has it’s right half illuminated), and krishna paksha chaturdashi (third quarter moon – has it’s left half illuminated).
Explanation of the words used
How is Raksha Bandhan Celebrated?
- Rituals: The ceremony starts with the sister applying a ’tilak’ (a mark) on her brother’s forehead, followed by tying the rakhi around his wrist. Prayers and wishes for each other’s well-being are exchanged during this process.
- Gift Exchange: Brothers offer gifts, sweets, or even money to their sisters as a token of their love and appreciation. It’s a heartwarming exchange that solidifies their bond.
- Emotional Connection: Raksha Bandhan transcends the physical distance between siblings. Even if they’re geographically separated, sisters often send rakhis by mail or through digital platforms, maintaining the tradition.
Stories and Variations Across India
India’s diversity is mirrored in the various regional stories and practices associated with Raksha Bandhan:
Historical Tales: One notable story is the myth of Draupadi and Lord Krishna. Draupadi tied a torn piece of her saree on Krishna’s wrist to staunch his bleeding wound. Touched by her gesture, Krishna vowed to protect her forever.
Rakhi with a Twist: In India, the tradition of tying rakhi extends beyond blood relations. Women tie rakhis to men not related to them, as a sign of respect and protection – symbolically making them their brothers, promoting a sense of community and unity.
Raksha Bandhan transcends cultural and geographical boundaries, reflecting the essence of India’s rich tapestry of traditions. It’s a celebration of love, protection, and the unbreakable bond between siblings. Through its various stories and practices, Raksha Bandhan paints a vivid picture of the cultural nuances that define India’s heritage.
In the state of Odisha, Raksha Bandhan coincides with the Gamha Purnima festival.
Gamha Purnima
The Celebration of Nature’s Bounty
Gamha Purnima, also known as Gomma Purnima or Gomata Purnima, is a significant festival celebrated in the Indian state of Odisha.
The festival is dedicated to Lord Balarama, the elder brother of Lord Krishna.
On the day of Gamha Purnima, people worship Lord Balarama and offer prayers for his blessings. They also worship cows and bullocks, which are considered sacred animals in India.
Gamha Purnima falls on the full moon day of the Indian traditional calendar month of Shravana, which usually corresponds to the months of July or August.
The Rituals and Significance
Reverence of Cows
Central to the celebration is the veneration of cows, often referred to as “Gomata” or “Go,” which means “cow” in Sanskrit. Cows are considered sacred in Hinduism and are associated with divine qualities. On Gamha Purnima, people offer prayers, adorn the cows with flowers and vermilion, and feed them as a mark of respect, reverence and gratitude.
Ritualistic Bathing
One of the significant rituals of Gamha Purnima involves giving cows a ceremonial bath. Cows are bathed with clean water, often mixed with turmeric and other natural ingredients, as a way to purify and refresh them.
Charitable Acts
As a way of giving back and seeking blessings, people often donate food, fruits, and other essentials to the cows. This act of charity is considered highly auspicious during Gamha Purnima.
Tied Threads
In some regions of Odisha, people tie threads around the horns of cows, similar to the way rakhis are tied around wrists during Raksha Bandhan. This gesture symbolizes protection, care, and the bond between humans and animals.
Prayers for Good Harvest
Gamha Purnima also marks the beginning of the monsoon season, which is vital for agricultural activities. People offer prayers for a good harvest and seek blessings for a fruitful rainy season.
Celebration of Nature
Alongside the cow-centric rituals, Gamha Purnima is a celebration of nature’s bounty. People often spend time outdoors, enjoying the beauty of the environment, and participating in various cultural and traditional activities.
Jhulan Yatra
In some places, Gamha Purnima also coincides with Jhulan Yatra, a swing festival dedicated to Lord Krishna and Radha. This festival involves setting up swings adorned with flowers and offering prayers to the divine couple.
The Message of Gamha Purnima
Gamha Purnima carries a profound message of respect for all living beings and a deep connection with nature. By celebrating and honoring cows, which are considered sacred and embodiments of nurturing energy, the festival promotes harmony between humans, animals, and the environment.
Alexander and Raksha Bandhan
The legend is said to have originated in the 3rd century BC, when Alexander, the Macedonian prince invaded India. King Puru (or Porus as the Greeks knew him) was the ruler of the Paurava kingdom, and he fought bravely against Alexander’s forces. However, he was eventually defeated, and Alexander took him prisoner.
Roxana, the wife of Alexander the Great, was said to be impressed by King Puru’s courage and nobility, and she decided to tie a rakhi on his wrist. This was a gesture of love and protection, and it was believed that it would bind the two of them together as siblings.
King Puru was touched by Roxana’s gesture, and he agreed to her request not to harm Alexander. The two men became friends.
The legend of Porus and Roxana is a reminder of the power of love and compassion. It shows how even enemies can be brought together by the bonds of brotherhood and sisterhood.
It is important to note that there is no historical evidence to support the legend of Porus and Roxana. However, the legend is still popular in India, and it is often told as a way to celebrate the festival of Raksha Bandhan.
Here is an account of Alexander’s abrupt end of conquering the world after this encounter above.
The Battle of the Hydaspes: Alexander and King Porus
In 326 BCE, Alexander the Great, the Macedonian king and conqueror, embarked on his campaign to conquer the Indian subcontinent. His path led him to the banks of the Hydaspes River (modern-day Jhelum River in Pakistan), where he faced King Porus, a powerful ruler of the Paurava Kingdom.
Alexander’s Struggle and Departure
Some historical accounts suggest that the Battle of the Hydaspes was not a clear victory for Alexander the Great. Instead, they propose that the battle was fiercely contested, and King Porus’s forces posed a significant challenge to the Macedonian army. King Porus’s strategic acumen and the might of his war elephants created formidable obstacles for Alexander’s forces.
While Alexander’s army managed to make some gains, the conflict resulted in heavy casualties and exhausted resources. The grueling nature of the battle, combined with the realization of the vastness of the Indian subcontinent and the challenges it presented, especially after the tough battle with a relatively small unknown kingdom’s forces, led Alexander and his troops to reconsider their campaign.
Historical Significance
The Battle of the Hydaspes marked a significant juncture in Alexander’s Indian campaign. While he continued to push further eastward, his soldiers began to grow weary, and he eventually decided to turn back. The encounter with Porus had given Alexander an insight into the strength and resilience of the Indian kingdoms, which influenced his decision to eventually halt his conquests and return to his homeland.
Hasty Departure
So rather than proceeding deeper into India, Alexander and his forces decided to halt their campaign and make a relatively hasty departure towards the sea. The difficulty in managing a sprawling empire, the weariness of his troops, and the logistical challenges of maintaining supply lines in unfamiliar terrain all played a role in this decision.
Local Lore and Legends
One intriguing point is the absence of local mentions of Alexander’s conquest in some historical narratives. While Alexander’s campaign is well-documented in Greek sources, references to him in local Indian texts are notably scarce. This has led some historians to question the extent of his impact on Indian history and the authenticity of certain accounts.
Historical Interpretations
While the traditional narrative of Alexander’s conquest exists, these accounts may not paint an accurate picture about history.
Rakhi Purnima and Sacred Threads
“Upanayana” ceremony in Hinduism, also known as the sacred thread ceremony. This ceremony marks a significant transition in a young boy’s life, symbolizing his initiation into the study of the Vedas and his progression into adulthood.
What is Upanayana
The Upanayana ceremony is a sacred rite of passage that dates back to ancient times in Hindu culture. It is typically performed for boys but in ancient times the sacred thread was for both boys and girls – as it marks their readiness for formal education and spiritual studies.
The Sacred Thread (Yajnopavita)
One of the central aspects of the Upanayana ceremony is the wearing of the sacred thread, known as the “yajnopavita.” This thread is made of cotton, handmade 3 strings tied in a loop. The three stands of thread represents Rig, Yajur and Sam Veda. The knot in the sacred thread is called Brahma-Granthi. In Sanskrit Granthi is a knot. There are three knots, one each for the Gods Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The thread is worn over the left shoulder and diagonally across the torso.
Significance and Symbolism
The Upanayana ceremony and the sacred thread hold deep symbolic meanings:
Initiation into Learning
The Upanayana marks a boy’s initiation into the study of the Vedas and other sacred texts. It is a recognition of his intellectual and spiritual readiness to begin his education journey.
Female scholars like Gargi and Lopmudra are known to have undergone Upanayan Sanskar. Maitreyi, Visvavara, Apala, Indrani, Urvashi, Ghosha, and Sachi are also well known scholars in Indian history.
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Transition to Adulthood
The ceremony symbolizes the transition from childhood to adulthood, signifying the young boy’s entry into the responsibilities of life, including education, family, and society.
Connection with Tradition
The sacred thread represents a connection with ancient traditions and knowledge. Wearing it serves as a reminder of one’s duty to preserve and propagate the knowledge of the Vedas.
Spiritual Symbolism
The three strands of the thread symbolize the qualities of sattva (purity), rajas (passion), and tamas (ignorance). Wearing the thread reminds the wearer of the pursuit of purity and self-improvement.
The ceremony marks the second birth of the child in the world of knowledge and the children are called ‘dwij’ meaning twice born.
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Changing the Sacred Thread on Rakhi Purnima
The tradition of changing the sacred thread on Rakhi Purnima is a regional practice observed by some communities.
Rakhi Purnima, a special celestial occasion is also the day for this renewal. The ceremony involves removing the old thread and replacing it with a new one, symbolizing the continuation of learning, growth, and spiritual progress. It’s a way of reconnecting with one’s identity, traditions, and the responsibilities that come with adulthood.
Top image Source
The term Desi can refer to people of Indian subcontinent origin or ancestry, or it can refer to the cultural practices and products of the region.
Desi food, will include dishes such as biryani, Pongal, samosas, Dosa, Idli, Parantha, Chawal and dal, while Desi fashion may feature traditional clothing styles like sarees, salwar kameez, Dhoti, and kurta pajama.
Desi music may include traditional folk music (dozens of styles), classical music (also several distinct schools), traditional dance (several traditional and ancient styles) and popular movie or music genres like Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood (all different regional language film industry names – a play on the word Hollywood).
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