By Desis, for Desis and Everyone Else!!
What’s a Desi?
The term “desi” is a term that is commonly used by people from the Indian subcontinent to refer to themselves or other people (origin or ancestry) from the region.
The word “Desi” is derived from the Sanskrit word “desh,” which means “country” or “region” or “homeland”. (‘Sanskrit’ word ‘Desh’? What is Sanskrit?)
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Desi people can come from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives. The term can also be used to describe aspects of Indian origin culture, including food, clothing, music, and art.
Samsara – is our existence an endless cycle?
Summary
The concept of Samsara refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that all living beings are believed to go through. According to this belief, a person’s actions and thoughts in their current life determine their future experiences, including their next birth. This cycle continues indefinitely until the individual is able to break free from it through attaining Moksha, or liberation from the cycle.
What is Samsara?
Samsara as understood in India, means that all living beings are subject to the cycle of samsara, which involves repeated cycles of birth, death, and rebirth.
In each new life, an individual is born into a new body and environment, determined by their past actions and karma.
The cycle of samsara continues indefinitely until the individual is able to break free from it through attaining Moksha.
Samsara, originating from the Sanskrit word meaning “wandering” or “continuous flow,” refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth experienced by sentient beings. It is a fundamental concept deeply embedded in Indian cultural texts, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, each offering its unique perspective on this eternal cycle.
In the realm of Indian philosophy, Samsara is viewed as a cyclical journey of the soul through various lifetimes. It is believed that every individual soul, known as the Atman, is bound to this cycle until it achieves liberation or Moksha. The quality of one’s actions, guided by the law of Karma, determines the circumstances and experiences of each subsequent birth within Samsara.
Buddhism, too, acknowledges Samsara as a perpetual cycle of suffering.
Rooted in the Four Noble Truths, Buddhism posits that the attachment and craving for worldly desires bind individuals to this cycle, leading to perpetual dissatisfaction and rebirth. The goal in Buddhism is to break free from Samsara by attaining Nirvana, the state of ultimate liberation from suffering.
Jainism, known for its emphasis on non-violence and asceticism, also acknowledges Samsara as an unending cycle of birth and death.
In Jain philosophy, every living being, from the tiniest microorganism to the highest celestial being, is believed to be trapped in Samsara due to karmic bondage.
The path to liberation lies in the purification of the soul through right conduct, austerity, and the renunciation of attachments.
Sikhism, a distinct tradition that emerged in the Indian subcontinent, envisions Samsara as a cycle of birth and death influenced by individual actions and thoughts.
In Sikh philosophy, liberation from Samsara is sought through devotion to the divine, following the teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib, and leading a righteous and selfless life.
Across these various philosophical traditions, Samsara represents a state of perpetual existence, where individuals are subject to the fluctuations of joy and suffering, pleasure and pain, success and failure.
It is a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, perpetuated by desires, attachments, and the consequences of past actions.
The understanding of Samsara underscores the transient nature of worldly existence, urging individuals to seek liberation and transcendence.
It prompts a reflection on the impermanence and unsatisfactory nature of phenomenal reality, inspiring the pursuit of spiritual growth and the quest for ultimate truth.
The recognition of Samsara’s transient nature guides us towards seeking spiritual enlightenment, liberation, and the realization of our true nature beyond the boundaries of this eternal cycle.
Samsara, is like a spiritual journey where we can learn, grow, and become better versions of ourselves. Each life gives us chances to learn important lessons, let go of our attachments, and become more spiritually evolved.
What is rebirth and transmigration?
If we were to imagine life as a grand journey, with multiple stops along the way, and each stop represents a lifetime, a unique adventure filled with joys, challenges, and growth.
Now, let’s say that after each stop, we pack our bags, bid farewell to that stop and everything at that stop (and that particular body), and hop onto the next train to our next destination.
That’s rebirth in a nutshell.
It’s the idea that after our current life ends, our soul or consciousness moves on to another body, ready to embark on a brand new adventure. It’s like changing costumes for the next act in the cosmic theater of existence.
But what determines which train we board and what kind of journey awaits us?
That’s where transmigration comes into play. Transmigration suggests that the quality of our next journey is influenced by our actions, thoughts, and choices in our previous lives. It’s as if our deeds and experiences leave an impression on our soul, shaping the path and circumstances of our future lives.
So, if we led a life filled with kindness, compassion, and love, it’s like booking a first-class ticket to a more favorable destination in our next adventure. On the other hand, if our actions were unkind or harmful, well, let’s just say our next ride might be a bit bumpier.
The cycle of rebirth and transmigration is like a cosmic cycle of learning and growth. Each new life provides opportunities for us to learn valuable lessons, overcome challenges, and refine our understanding of ourselves and the world around us. It’s an ongoing journey of self-discovery, giving us chances to evolve and reach higher states of awareness and enlightenment.
So, if one can imagine oneself as a timeless traveler, one will be hopping from one train to another, with each journey building upon the experiences and choices of the last. It’s an ever-unfolding story, where the destination is liberation, freedom from the cycle of rebirth and transmigration (samsara) , and a union with the ultimate truth – moksha!
Udaipur
Udaipur – a city of enchantment and serenity nestled amidst the Aravalli Mountains in Rajasthan! It is truly amesmerizing destination, where history, culture, and natural beauty converge. Udaipur, also known as the “City of Lakes,” is steeped in rich history. It was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh II, who was captivated by the city’s picturesque surroundings and chose it as his capital. Legend has it that Udai Singh was guided by a holy sage to establish the city beside the azure waters of Lake Pichola, creating a tranquil oasis in the heart of the desert.
The crown jewel of Udaipur is the magnificent City Palace. This sprawling palace complex showcases a seamless blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architectural styles. Explore its ornate courtyards, elegant palaces, and breathtaking views of Lake Pichola. Don’t miss the Crystal Gallery, which houses a remarkable collection of crystal artifacts.
The Jagdish Mandir, located right outside the City Palace is a revered temple dedicated to Lord Jagannath. Built in 1651 by Maharana Jagat Singh, it showcases the traditional architectural style of the area with intricately carved pillars, beautifully sculpted ceilings, and ornate spires.
The temple’s historical significance, exquisite craftsmanship, and religious fervor make it a must-visit destination for those seeking spiritual solace and architectural marvels in Udaipur.
For a serene experience, visit the iconic Lake Pichola. Embark on a boat ride and witness the ethereal beauty of the surrounding palaces, including the Lake Palace.
Another must-visit destination is the serene Saheliyon-ki-Bari, also known as the Garden of Maidens. This exquisite garden was built for the royal ladies and features lush green lawns, fountains, marble pavilions, and intricately carved stone elephants.
In the town of Nagda a few kilometers away, there is a temple called Sas Bahu temple which is a must see if interested in really intricate sculptures in stone. The carvings are small but so detailed, this temple has to be one of very few with that much detail.
Udaipur’s artistic heritage is on display at the Bagore Ki Haveli, a splendid mansion that now serves as a museum. Marvel at the extensive collection of royal artifacts, including costumes, jewelry, and traditional Rajasthani artwork. Attend an enthralling cultural show in the evening to witness captivating folk dances and live performances.
Udaipur, with its lakes, palaces, gardens, and the timeless aura of romance, offers an escape to a world of beauty and tranquility. A must see destination in Rajasthan.
Onam
Summary
Nestled in the southwestern corner of India lies the enchanting state of Kerala, a land renowned for its natural beauty, cultural richness, and vibrant festivals – often referred to as God’s own land. One such celebration that captivates the hearts of people of Kerala and visitors alike is Onam, a ten-day harvest festival that brings together tales of kings, Gods, cultural traditions, and a sumptuous feast that reflects the essence of Kerala’s spirit.
About Kerala
Kerala is a state in the southwest of India. It is located on the Malabar coast, which is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Karnataka to the north and northeast, and Tamil Nadu to the east. The capital of Kerala is Thiruvananthapuram.
Kerala is known for its ecotourism initiatives, beautiful backwaters, and unique culture and traditions. It is also known as “God’s own Country”.
Kerala is a small state, making up only about 1 percent of India’s total area. It has a population of 30 million and a surface area of 38,900 km2. The majority language is Malayalam.
King Mahabali and Lord Vamana
At the heart of Onam lies the legend of King Mahabali and Lord Vamana (an avatar of Lord Vishnu). Mahabali, known for his just rule and devotion, attracted the attention of Lord Vishnu, who took the form of Vamana, a learned man but who is of a very small stature. Seeking alms, Vamana asked for three paces of land from the generous King Bali . The King grants his request. Vamana then grows to a giant and with his first two strides, he covered the earth and heavens. As there was no place for the third step, Mahabali offered his head and Vamana places his foot and pushes the king to the nether worlds. Impressed by his selflessness, Vamana granted him a boon to visit his kingdom once a year, a celebration that came to be known as Onam.
Ten Days of Onam
Onam spans ten days, each marked by unique rituals and festivities:
Onam: A Festival of 10 Days
Onam, the vibrant harvest festival of Kerala, unfolds over ten days, each brimming with its unique traditions, rituals, and cultural significance.
Day 1 – Atham
The festival commences with Atham, marked by the creation of a simple floral arrangement, “Pookkalam,” at the entrance of homes. It symbolizes the start of the festivities and encourages creativity and community engagement. This is a day of preparation. People clean their homes and decorate them with flowers. They also buy new clothes and food for the festival. This marks King Mahabali’s preparations to journey from Heaven to his earthly kingdom.
Day 2 – Chithira
Chithira signifies the essence of unity and the spirit of togetherness. The creation of Onam Pookkalam, a floral carpet, symbolizes this day’s festivities.Homes come alive with color as people contribute to the floral patterns. Pookkalam are made by women and children, and they are placed in front of homes and temples.
Day 3 – Chodhi
Another layer of flowers is added to the carpet, employing an assortment of four to five flower types. Families prepare for the days ahead by engaging in collective activities. This is a day of fasting and prayer. People pray for the well-being of their families and friends.
Day 4 – Vishakam
Vishakam sees the Pookkalam taking a more intricate form. The day holds a special significance as it marks the start of many cultural performances and events that continue throughout Onam. This is a day of celebration. People feast on traditional Onam dishes and enjoy cultural performances. This day launches various tournaments as part of the celebration.
Day 5 – Anizham
On Anizham, the Pookkalam continues to flourish with more complex designs. The festivities gain momentum, and various art forms like traditional dances and music performances grace the stages. On this day, people visit temples and offer prayers. Preparations for the grand boat race take place on this fifth day.
Day 6 – Thriketa
Thriketa witnesses a heightened enthusiasm as the Pookkalam becomes even more intricate and captivating. It’s a day of joy and excitement, as the community comes together to celebrate their shared cultural heritage. Festive celebrations are ignited on this day.
Day 7 – Moolam
As Moolam dawns, the Pookkalam reaches its zenith, showcasing the mastery of floral artistry. Traditional rituals and prayers are performed, reflecting the spiritual essence of Onam. Temples come alive with special pujas and rituals.
Day 8 – Pooradam
On Pooradam or Pooram, the excitement builds as families prepare for the upcoming boat races, “Vallamkali.” The highlight of the day is a grand procession of elephants and dancers. Idols of Vamana and King Mahabali are raised in homes to commemorate this day.
Day 9 – Uthradom
Uthradom, the penultimate day, is marked by intense preparations for the grand feast, “Onam Sadya.” Homes are cleaned, and ingredients are gathered for the culinary extravaganza. Mahabali’s symbolic entry into Kerala is observed. This is a day of homecoming. People believe that King Mahabali returns to Kerala on this day. They welcome him with a feast and prayers.
Day 10 – Thiru Onam
The pinnacle of Onam arrives with Thiru Onam or Thiruvonam. Homes are adorned with grand Pookkalams, and families don traditional attire. The day commences with rituals and prayers, followed by the grand Onam Sadya feast, where families and communities gather to savor the diverse flavors of Kerala’s cuisine. Cultural performances, games, and festivities mark the day, reminding everyone of the cultural unity and harmony that Onam symbolizes. The pinnacle of the celebration, this day sees the warm and reverential welcome of King Mahabali by the people of Kerala.
Onam Traditions
Pookkalam
This is a floral carpet made of fresh flowers arranged in intricate patterns on the floor. People start making pookkalam from Atham onwards, and add a new layer every day until Thiruvonam. The pookkalam symbolizes the welcome to King Mahabali and also showcases the artistic talent of the people.
Vallamkali
On the Pampa River, traditional boat races called “Vallamkali” are held, reflecting Kerala’s maritime heritage and unity. This boat race takes place on the backwaters of Kerala. The boats are long and narrow, and can accommodate up to 100 rowers.
The rowers wear white mundu (a traditional garment) and colorful turbans, and sing songs to synchronize their movements. The boat race is a spectacle of speed, skill, and teamwork.
Onakalikal
Traditional games such as tug-of-war, archery, and martial arts competitions engage participants and spectators.
Kayyikali is one of the famous sport – where the opponents use fists. This is quite brutal but popular. Usually has two teams. Read more here.
Sadya
This is a grand feast served on a banana leaf, consisting of various vegetarian dishes – including “Avial” (mixed vegetable stew), “Sambhar” (lentil stew with seasonal vegetables and spices), “Parippu” (lentil dish), rice, pickles, papadum, and payasam (a sweet dessert). Sadya is usually eaten with hands, and is considered a highlight of Onam. People invite their friends and relatives for sadya, and enjoy the food and company. The harmonious blend of flavors mirrors Kerala’s multicultural landscape.
Thiruvathirakali
This is a dance performed by women, dressed in white sarees with golden borders. They form a circle around a lamp or a floral decoration, and sway gracefully to the rhythm of a song. The dance is dedicated to Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati, and expresses the love and devotion of women towards their husbands.
PuliKali
This is a folk art that involves men painting their bodies as tigers and leopards, and dancing to the beats of drums. The performers wear masks and costumes, and mimic the movements of wild animals. The pulikali is a fun and colorful way to entertain the crowds.
Onathappan
This is a clay pyramid that represents King Mahabali or Lord Vishnu. It is placed in the center of the pookalam, and worshipped with flowers, fruits, and incense. On Thiruvonam day, the onathappan is immersed in water, as a farewell to King Mahabali.
Onam’s Cultural Significance
Onam symbolizes the spirit of unity and togetherness, across all classes of society. The festival underscores Kerala’s agrarian roots, where the harvest is celebrated as a community effort. People from all walks of life come together to partake in the festivities, reinforcing the essence of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” the world as one family.
Onam Beyond Kerala
As the Indian diaspora spreads across the world, so does the spirit of Onam. Indians of Kerala origin living outside the state organize celebrations that bring a taste of Kerala’s traditions and flavors to distant shores.
Onam, with its legends, intricate floral carpets, boat races, and grand feasts, offers a window into Kerala’s cultural ethos. It encapsulates the colorful tapestry of this enchanting land and serves as a testament to unity, harmony, and the enduring ties that bind its people.
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The term Desi can refer to people of Indian subcontinent origin or ancestry, or it can refer to the cultural practices and products of the region.
Desi food, will include dishes such as biryani, Pongal, samosas, Dosa, Idli, Parantha, Chawal and dal, while Desi fashion may feature traditional clothing styles like sarees, salwar kameez, Dhoti, and kurta pajama.
Desi music may include traditional folk music (dozens of styles), classical music (also several distinct schools), traditional dance (several traditional and ancient styles) and popular movie or music genres like Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood (all different regional language film industry names – a play on the word Hollywood).
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